Technological innovations have considerably changed endodontic procedures; cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), operative microscopes, ultrasonics and apex locators allow endodontists and general practitioners to appreciate as never before the complexity of the root canal system in a clinical context; root canal treatments of maxillary molars with 2 mesiobuccal canals and of mandibular molars with 3 separate canals in the mesial root have become common; however while the number of “difficult” endodontic treatments has increased, the evolution of endodontic instruments has allowed a considerable

simplification of instrumentation and obturation techniques. Essential aspects of adhesive restorations of endodontically treated teeth will be described.

Course Outline

• Endodontic diagnosis including the use of CBCT

• Treatment planning

• How to approach challenging endodontic cases

• Update on rotary instrumentation including sequence, materials and design

• The use of the latest equipment for root canal shaping and treatment

• Obturation techniques; what to use and when to use it

• The importance of the final seal before restoration

Learning Outcomes

At the end of this lecture the delegates will be able to:

• Understand the principles of clinical and radiographic diagnosis of endodontic diseases

• Understand the properties of Nickel-titanium alloys used in endodontics

• Understand the principles of rotary instrumentation

• Understand the principles of root canal obturation using warm vertical compaction of gutta-percha and carrier based techniques

• Understand the principles of adhesive restorations of endodontically treated teeth